Inkqubo yonyango yokukhupha idizili
I-diesel exhaust ibhekiselele kwigesi ephumayo ekhutshwa yi-injini ye-diesel emva kokutshisa idizili, equlethe amakhulu eekhompawundi ezahlukeneyo. Le gesi ikhutshwayo ayinuki nje umnqa, kodwa yenza abantu babe nesiyezi, babe nesicaphucaphu, kwaye ichaphazela impilo yabantu. Ngokweengcali ezisuka kuMbutho wezeMpilo weHlabathi, i-exhaust ye-injini ye-diesel inomhlaza kakhulu kwaye idweliswe njenge-carcinogen yodidi A. Ezi zinto zingcolisa ikakhulu ziquka initrogen oxides (NOx), iihydrocarbons (HC), carbon monoxide (CO) kunye neparticulate matter, njl. njl., ezikhutshwa ikakhulu kufutshane nomhlaba, kwaye ezi zingcolisi zingena kwindlela yokuphefumla ngeempumlo nomlomo, zibangele. umonakalo kwimpilo yabantu.
Ukukhutshwa okuphambili kweenjini ze-diesel yi-PM (i-particulate matter) kunye ne-NOx, ngelixa ukukhutshwa kwe-CO kunye ne-HC kuphantsi. Ukulawula ukukhutshwa kwe-injini ye-diesel ikakhulu kubandakanya ukulawula ukuveliswa kwe-particulate matter PM kunye ne-NO, kunye nokunciphisa ukukhutshwa okuthe ngqo kwe-PM kunye ne-NOx. Okwangoku, ukuze kulungiswe ingxaki yokukhutshwa kwezithuthi ze-diesel, ezininzi izisombululo zobugcisa zamkela inkqubo ye-EGR + DOC + DPF + SCR + ASC.
EGR
I-EGR sisishunqulelo se-Exhaust Gas Recirculation. Ukujikeleziswa kwerhasi yombhobho kubhekiselele ekubuyiseni inxalenye yerhasi yokukhupha ekhutshwe kwi-injini ukuya kwindawo eninzi yokungena kunye nokungena kwi-cylinder kwakhona ngomxube omtsha. Ekubeni igesi yokukhupha iqulethe isixa esikhulu seegesi ze-polyatomic ezifana ne-CO2, kunye ne-CO2 kunye nezinye iigesi azikwazi ukutshiswa kodwa zifunxa ubushushu obukhulu ngenxa yomthamo wazo ophezulu wobushushu, ubushushu obuphezulu bokutsha komxube kwi-cylinder buyancipha. , ngokunciphisa inani le-NOx eyenziwe.
DOC
I-DOC igama elipheleleyo I-Diesel oxidation catalyst, linyathelo lokuqala lenkqubo yonke emva kokunyanga, ngokuqhelekileyo isigaba sokuqala sombhobho wokukhupha wamanqanaba amathathu, ngokubanzi ngeentsimbi ezixabisekileyo okanye i-ceramics njenge-catalyst carrier.
Umsebenzi oyintloko we-DOC ku-oxidize i-CO kunye ne-HC kwigesi yokukhupha, ukuyiguqula ibe yi-C02 kunye ne-H2O engenabungozi. Kwangaxeshanye, inokufunxa izinto eziphilayo ezinyibilikayo kunye namasuntswana ekhabhoni, kwaye inciphise ukukhutshwa kwe-PM. I-NO i-oxidized kwi-NO2 (i-NO2 ikwangumthombo wegesi yokusabela okuphantsi). Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ukhetho lwe-catalyst luhambelana ngokusondeleyo nokushisa kwe-diesel, xa iqondo lokushisa lingaphantsi kwe-150 ° C, i-catalyst ayisebenzi. Ngokunyuka kweqondo lokushisa, ukuguqulwa kokuguqulwa kwezinto eziphambili zeengqungquthela zokukhupha zanda ngokuthe ngcembe. Xa ubushushu bungaphezulu kwama-350 ° C, ngenxa yobuninzi bemveliso yesulfate, kodwa ukwandisa ukukhutshwa kwamasuntswana, kunye nesulfate iya kugubungela umphezulu we-catalyst ukunciphisa umsebenzi kunye nokuguqulwa kobuchule be-catalyst, ngoko ke imfunekoabenzi bobushushuukujonga ubushushu bokuthathwa kwe-DOC, xa i-DOC ithatha iqondo lobushushu ngaphezu kwe-250 ° C i-hydrocarbons iqhele ukuvutha, oko kukuthi, ukuphendula okwaneleyo kwe-oxidation.
I-DPF
Igama elipheleleyo le-DPF yi-Diesel Particle Filter, eyinxalenye yesibini yenkqubo yasemva konyango kunye necandelo lesibini lombhobho wokukhupha wamanqanaba amathathu. Umsebenzi wayo oyintloko kukubamba iinqununu ze-PM, kwaye amandla ayo okunciphisa i-PM malunga ne-90%.
Isihluzi seNcam yeNcam inokunciphisa ngokusebenzayo ukukhutshwa kwento encinci. Iqala ngokuthatha i-particle ye-exhaust gas. Ngokuhamba kwexesha, i-particulate matter eyongezelelekileyo iya kufakwa kwi-DPF, kwaye umahluko woxinzelelo lwe-DPF uya kwanda ngokuthe ngcembe. Iinzwa yoxinzelelo eyahlukileyo iyakwazi ukubeka iliso. Xa umahluko woxinzelelo udlula umda othile, uya kubangela ukuba inkqubo yokuhlaziya i-DPF isuse i-particulate matter eqokelelweyo. Ukuhlaziywa kwezihluzi kubhekiselele ekunyukeni kancinci kancinci kwento encinci kumgibe ngexesha lokusebenza ixesha elide, nto leyo enokubangela ukunyuka koxinzelelo lwangasemva kwe-injini kwaye ikhokelele ekunciphiseni ukusebenza kwe-injini. Ngoko ke, kuyimfuneko ukususa rhoqo i-particulate matter egciniweyo kunye nokubuyisela ukusebenza kokucoca komgibe.
Xa izinga lokushisa kwi-particle trap lifikelela kwi-550 ℃ kwaye i-oxygen concentration ikhulu kune-5%, iinqununu ezifakwe kwi-oxidize kwaye zitshise. Ukuba iqondo lobushushu lingaphantsi kwama-550 ℃, intlenga eninzi kakhulu iya kuvala umgibe. Iisivamvo sobushushu ijonga ubushushu bokuthathwa kwe-DPF. Xa iqondo lobushushu lingahlangabezani neemfuno, isibonakaliso siya kondliwa kwakhona. Ngeli xesha, imithombo yamandla yangaphandle (njengezifudumezi zombane, izitshisi, okanye utshintsho kwiimeko zokusebenza ze-injini) kufuneka zisetyenziselwe ukunyusa izinga lokushisa ngaphakathi kwe-DPF kwaye zenze ukuba iinqununu zibe yi-oxidize kwaye zitshise.
SCR
I-SCR imele i-Selective Catalytic Reduction, isifinyezo se-Selective Catalytic Reduction system. Kwakhona licandelo lokugqibela kumbhobho wokukhupha. Isebenzisa i-urea njenge-arhente yokunciphisa kwaye isebenzisa i-catalyst ukuze iphendule ngamakhemikhali kunye ne-NOx ukuguqula i-NOx kwi-N2 kunye ne-H2O.
Inkqubo ye-SCR isebenzisa inkqubo yokutofa ngoncedo lomoya ocinezelweyo. Ipompo yokubonelela ngesisombululo se-urea inesixhobo sokulawula esakhelwe ngaphakathi esinokulawula impompo yokubonelela ngesisombululo se-urea yangaphakathi kunye ne-valve ye-solenoid yomoya ecinezelekileyo ukuze isebenze ngokwemigaqo emiselweyo. Isilawuli se-injini (DCU) sinxibelelana ne-injini ye-ECU ngebhasi ye-CAN ukufumana iiparamitha zokusebenza kwe-injini, kwaye emva koko inika umqondiso we-catalytic converter ubushushu obusekweinzwa yobushushu obuphezulu , ibala inani lenaliti ye-urea, kwaye ilawula impompo yokubonelela ngesisombululo se-urea ukufaka isixa esifanelekileyo se-urea ngebhasi ye-CAN. Ngaphakathi kombhobho wokukhupha. Umsebenzi womoya ocinezelweyo kukuthwala i-urea elinganisiweyo ukuya kumbhobho, ukuze i-urea ibe ne-atomized ngokupheleleyo emva kokutshizwa ngombhobho.
ASC
I-ASC Ammonia Slip Catalyst sisishunqulelo se-ammonia slip catalyst. Ngenxa yokuvuza kwe-urea kunye nokusebenza kakuhle okuphantsi, i-ammonia eveliswa kukubola kwe-urea inokukhutshwa ngokuthe ngqo kwi-atmosfera ngaphandle kokuthatha inxaxheba ekuphenduleni. Oku kufuna ukufakelwa kwezixhobo ze-ASC ukuthintela ukuphuma kwe-ammonia.
I-ASC ifakwe ngokubanzi kwi-back end ye-SCR, kwaye isebenzisa i-catalyst coating efana neentsimbi ezixabisekileyo kudonga lwangaphakathi lomthwali ukuze i-catalyze reaction REDOX, ephendula i-NH3 ibe yi-N2 engenabungozi.
Isivamvo sexesha
Isetyenziselwa ukulinganisa ukushisa kweqondo lokushisa kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo kwi-catalyst, kubandakanywa ukushisa kwe-DOC (ngokuqhelekileyo ebizwa ngokuba yi-T4 yokushisa), i-DPF (ebizwa ngokuba yi-T5 ukushisa), i-SCR (ebizwa ngokuba yi-T6 ukushisa), kunye ne-catalyst. khupha ubushushu bombhobho womsila (obudla ngokubizwa ngokuba yi-T7 ubushushu). Ngexesha elifanayo, isignali ehambelanayo idluliselwa kwi-ECU, eyenza isicwangciso esihambelanayo sokuvuselela kunye neqhinga le-urea injection esekelwe kwidatha yempendulo evela kwi-sensor. Amandla ombane ombane yi-5V, kwaye uluhlu lomlinganiselo wobushushu luphakathi kwe -40 ℃ kunye ne-900 ℃.
Inzwa yoxinzelelo eyahlukileyo
Isetyenziselwa ukufumanisa uxinzelelo lwasemva kokuphuma phakathi kwe-DPF yokungenisa umoya kunye nokuphuma kwi-converter ye-catalytic, kwaye idlulisele isignali ehambelanayo kwi-ECU yokulawula ukusebenza kwe-DPF kunye ne-OBD yokubeka iliso. Umbane wayo wokubonelela ngombane yi-5V, kunye nendawo yokusebenza Ubushushu ngu-40 ~ 130 ℃.
Ii-Sensors zidlala indima ebalulekileyo kwiinkqubo zonyango zokukhupha i-diesel imoto, inceda ukubeka iliso kunye nokulawula ukukhutshwa ukuhlangabezana nemimiselo yokusingqongileyo kunye nokuphucula umgangatho womoya. Iinzwa zibonelela ngedatha malunga nokushisa kokushisa, uxinzelelo, amanqanaba e-oksijini kunye ne-nitrogen oxides (NOx), apho iyunithi yokulawula injini (ECU) isebenzisa ukunyusa iinkqubo zokutsha, ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwamafutha kunye nokwandisa ubomi bamacandelo onyango lokukhupha.
Njengoko ishishini leemoto liqhubeka nokugxila ekunciphiseni ukukhutshwa kunye nokuphucula umgangatho womoya, ukuphuhliswa kunye nokuhlanganiswa kweenzwa eziphambili kubalulekile ekufezekiseni ezi njongo.