Isistimu yokwelashwa kokukhipha umoya wezimoto zikadizili
I-diesel exhaust isho igesi ephumayo ekhishwa injini kadizili ngemva kokushisa udizili, oqukethe amakhulukhulu enhlanganisela ehlukene. Le gesi ephumayo ayinuki nje kuphela, kodwa yenza abantu babe nesiyezi, babe nesicanucanu, futhi iba nomthelela empilweni yabantu. Ngokusho kongoti beWorld Health Organisation, isikhutha senjini kadizili sidala umdlavuza futhi sisohlwini lwe-Class A carcinogen. Lezi zinto ezingcolisayo ikakhulukazi zihlanganisa ama-nitrogen oxides (NOx), ama-hydrocarbon (HC), i-carbon monoxide (CO) kanye ne-particle, njll., ekhishwa ikakhulukazi eduze nomhlabathi, futhi lezi zinto ezingcolile zingena emgudwini wokuphefumula ngekhala nomlomo, okubangela umonakalo empilweni yomuntu.
Ukukhishwa okuyinhloko kwezinjini zikadizili yi-PM (i-particulate matter) ne-NOx, kuyilapho ukukhishwa kwe-CO ne-HC kuphansi. Ukulawula ukukhishwa kwe-exhaust yenjini ye-diesel ikakhulukazi kuhilela ukulawula ukukhiqizwa kwe-particle ye-PM ne-NO, kanye nokunciphisa ukukhishwa okuqondile kwe-PM ne-NOx. Njengamanje, ukuze kuxazululwe inkinga yokukhipha umoya wezimoto zikadizili, izixazululo eziningi zobuchwepheshe zisebenzisa uhlelo lwe-EGR+DOC+DPF+SCR+ASC.
EGR
I-EGR isifinyezo se-Exhaust Gas Recirculation. I-exhaust gas recirculation isho ukubuyisela ingxenye ye-exhaust gas ekhishwa enjinini iye endaweni eningi edonsayo futhi iphinde ingene kusilinda ngengxube entsha. Njengoba igesi yokukhipha iqukethe isamba esikhulu samagesi e-polyatomic afana ne-CO2, ne-CO2 namanye amagesi awakwazi ukushiswa kodwa amunca inani elikhulu lokushisa ngenxa yomthamo wawo wokushisa othize, izinga lokushisa eliphezulu lokuvutha kwengxube elisesilinda liyancishiswa. , ngaleyo ndlela kunciphisa inani le-NOx elakhiwe.
DOC
Igama eligcwele le-DOC elithi Diesel oxidation catalyst, isinyathelo sokuqala sayo yonke inqubo yangemva kokwelashwa, ngokuvamile isigaba sokuqala sepayipi lokukhipha umoya elinezigaba ezintathu, ngokuvamile elinezinsimbi eziyigugu noma izitsha zobumba njengesithwali se-catalyst.
Umsebenzi oyinhloko we-DOC ukwenza oxidize i-CO ne-HC kugesi ephumayo, iguqule ibe yi-C02 ne-H2O engenabuthi futhi engenabungozi. Ngasikhathi sinye, ingakwazi futhi ukumunca izakhi ze-organic ezincibilikayo nezinye izinhlayiya zekhabhoni, futhi inciphise ukukhishwa okuthile kwe-PM. I-NO ifakwe i-oxidized ku-NO2 (i-NO2 futhi iwumthombo wegesi wokusabela okuphansi). Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukukhetha kwe-catalyst kuhlobene eduze nokushisa kwe-diesel exhaust, lapho izinga lokushisa lingaphansi kwe-150 ° C, i-catalyst empeleni ayisebenzi. Ngokunyuka kwezinga lokushisa, ukusebenza kahle kokuguqulwa kwezingxenye eziyinhloko zezinhlayiya zokukhipha kukhula kancane kancane. Lapho izinga lokushisa lingaphezulu kuka-350 ° C, ngenxa yenani elikhulu lokukhiqizwa kwe-sulfate, kodwa ukwandisa ukukhishwa kwezinhlayiya, futhi i-sulfate izomboza ubuso be-catalyst ukunciphisa umsebenzi kanye nokusebenza kahle kokuguqulwa kwe-catalyst, ngakho-ke isidingoizinzwa lokushisaukuqapha izinga lokushisa lokuthathwa kwe-DOC, lapho izinga lokushisa le-DOC elithathayo elingaphezu kuka-250 ° C ama-hydrocarbons ngokuvamile livutha, okungukuthi, ukusabela okwanele kwe-oxidation.
I-DPF
Igama eliphelele le-DPF Isihlungi Sezinhlayiya Zedizili, okuyingxenye yesibili yenqubo yangemva kokwelashwa kanye nesigaba sesibili sepayipi lokukhipha umoya elinezigaba ezintathu. Umsebenzi wayo oyinhloko ukuthwebula izinhlayiya ze-PM, futhi amandla ayo okunciphisa i-PM cishe angama-90%.
Isihlungi Sezinhlayiyana singanciphisa ngempumelelo ukukhishwa kwezinhlayiyana. Iqala ithwebula izinhlayiya zegesi ephumayo. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, i-particulate matter eyengeziwe izofakwa ku-DPF, futhi umehluko wengcindezi we-DPF uzokhula kancane kancane. Iinzwa yengcindezi ehlukile angakwazi ukuyigada. Uma umehluko wengcindezi udlula umkhawulo othile, uzobangela ukuthi inqubo yokuvuselela i-DPF isuse i-particle enqwabelene. Ukuvuselelwa kwezihlungi kubhekisela ekwandeni kancane kancane kwezinhlayiya ogibeni phakathi nokusebenza isikhathi eside, okungabangela ukwanda komfutho we-back back wenjini futhi kuholele ekwehleni kokusebenza kwenjini. Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukususa njalo i-particulate matter efakiwe futhi ubuyisele ukusebenza kokuhlunga kwesicupho.
Lapho izinga lokushisa esicupheni sezinhlayiyana lifinyelela ku-550 ℃ futhi ukugcwala komoyampilo kungaphezu kuka-5%, izinhlayiya ezifakiwe zizokhipha i-oxidize futhi zishise. Uma izinga lokushisa lingaphansi kuka-550 ℃, inzika eningi izovimba ugibe. Iinzwa yokushisa iqapha izinga lokushisa lokuthatha le-DPF. Uma izinga lokushisa lingahlangabezani nezimfuneko, isignali izonikezwa futhi. Ngalesi sikhathi, imithombo yamandla yangaphandle (njengamahitha kagesi, izibasi, noma izinguquko ezimeni zokusebenza kwenjini) kudingeka isetshenziselwe ukukhulisa izinga lokushisa ngaphakathi kwe-DPF futhi yenze izinhlayiya zi-oxidize futhi zishise.
I-SCR
I-SCR imele i-Selective Catalytic Reduction, isifinyezo se-Selective Catalytic Reduction system. Futhi ingxenye yokugcina epayipini lokukhipha umoya. Isebenzisa i-urea njenge-ejenti yokunciphisa futhi isebenzisa i-catalyst ukuze isabele ngamakhemikhali nge-NOx ukuguqula i-NOx ibe yi-N2 ne-H2O.
Isistimu ye-SCR isebenzisa isistimu yomjovo enosizo lomoya ocindezelwe. Iphampu yokuhlinzeka ngesixazululo se-urea inesisetshenziswa sokulawula esakhelwe ngaphakathi esingakwazi ukulawula iphampu yokuhlinzeka ngesisombululo se-urea yangaphakathi kanye ne-valve ye-solenoid yomoya ecindezelwe ukuze isebenze ngokuvumelana nezinqubo ezimisiwe. Isilawuli somjovo (DCU) sixhumana nenjini ECU ngebhasi le-CAN ukuze sithole imingcele yokusebenza kwenjini, bese sinikeza isiginali yezinga lokushisa le-catalytic converter esekelweizinga lokushisa eliphezulu inzwa , ibala inani lomjovo we-urea, futhi ilawula iphampu yesisombululo se-urea ukuze ijove inani elifanele le-urea ngebhasi le-CAN. Ngaphakathi kwepayipi le-exhaust. Umsebenzi womoya ocindezelwe wukuthwala i-urea elinganisiwe iyise emlonyeni, ukuze i-urea ikwazi ukugcwala ngokuphelele i-athomu ngemva kokufuthwa ngembobo.
I-ASC
I-ASC Ammonia Slip Catalyst isifinyezo se-ammonia slip catalyst. Ngenxa yokuvuza kwe-urea nokusebenza kahle kokusabela okuphansi, i-ammonia ekhiqizwa ukubola kwe-urea ingase ikhishelwe ngqo emkhathini ngaphandle kokubamba iqhaza ekuphenduleni. Lokhu kudinga ukufakwa kwemishini ye-ASC ukuvimbela ukuphuma kwe-ammonia.
I-ASC ivamise ukufakwa ekugcineni kwe-SCR, futhi isebenzisa i-catalyst coating njengezinsimbi eziyigugu odongeni lwangaphakathi lomthwali ukuze ibangele ukusabela kwe-REDOX, okusabela i-NH3 ku-N2 engenangozi.
Inzwa yesikhashana
Isetshenziselwa ukukala izinga lokushisa lokukhipha umoya ezindaweni ezihlukene ku-catalyst, okuhlanganisa izinga lokushisa le-DOC (ngokuvamile elibizwa ngokuthi izinga lokushisa le-T4), i-DPF (evame ukubizwa ngokuthi izinga lokushisa le-T5), i-SCR (evame ukubizwa ngokuthi izinga lokushisa le-T6), kanye ne-catalyst. khipha izinga lokushisa lomsila we-tailpipe (ngokuvamile elibizwa ngokuthi izinga lokushisa le-T7). Ngesikhathi esifanayo, isignali ehambisanayo idluliselwa ku-ECU, esebenzisa isu elihambisanayo lokuvuselela kanye nesu lomjovo we-urea ngokusekelwe kudatha yempendulo evela kunzwa. I-voltage yayo yokuphakelwa kwamandla ingu-5V, kanti izinga lokushisa lokulinganisa liphakathi kuka -40 ℃ no-900 ℃.
Inzwa yokucindezela ehlukile
Isetshenziselwa ukuthola i-exhaust back pressure phakathi kwe-DPF air inlet kanye ne-outlet kusiguquli se-catalytic, futhi idlulisele isignali ehambisanayo ku-ECU ukuze kulawulwe ukusebenza kokuqapha kwe-DPF ne-OBD. I-voltage yayo yokunikeza amandla ingu-5V, nendawo yokusebenza Izinga lokushisa lingu-40~130℃.
Izinzwa zidlala indima ebalulekile ezinhlelweni zokwelashwa kokukhipha umoya wezimoto zikadizili, zisiza ukuqapha nokulawula ukungcola ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nemithetho yemvelo kanye nokwenza ngcono izinga lomoya. Izinzwa zihlinzeka ngedatha ngezinga lokushisa elikhipha umoya, ukucindezela, amazinga komoyampilo kanye nama-nitrogen oxides (NOx), asetshenziswa iyunithi yokulawula injini (ECU) ukuze kuthuthukiswe izinqubo zokuvutha, kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kukaphethiloli nokwelula impilo yezingxenye zokukhipha umoya.
Njengoba imboni yezimoto iqhubeka nokugxila ekunciphiseni ukukhishwa kwegesi kanye nokuthuthukisa izinga lomoya, ukuthuthukiswa nokuhlanganiswa kwezinzwa ezithuthukisiwe kubalulekile ekufezeni lezi zinhloso.