Tsarin kula da sharar abin hawa dizal
Hatsarin dizal yana nufin iskar gas da injin dizal ke fitarwa bayan kona dizal, wanda ya ƙunshi ɗaruruwan sinadarai daban-daban. Wannan fitar da iskar gas ba wai kawai yana wari ba ne, har ma yana sanya mutane dimuwa, da tashin zuciya, da kuma shafar lafiyar mutane. A cewar masana daga Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya, shaye-shayen injin dizal yana da cutar kansa sosai kuma an jera shi a matsayin nau'in ciwon daji na Class A. Wadannan gurbatattun abubuwa sun hada da nitrogen oxides (NOx), hydrocarbons (HC), carbon monoxide (CO) da particulate matter da dai sauransu, wadanda galibi ake fitar da su ta kusa da kasa, kuma wadannan gurbatattun suna shiga hanyoyin numfashi ta hanci da baki, wanda hakan kan haddasa. illa ga lafiyar dan Adam.
Babban fitar da injunan dizal shine PM (particulate matter) da NOx, yayin da CO da HC hayaki ya ragu. Sarrafa fitar da hayakin injin dizal ya ƙunshi sarrafa ƙirƙira abubuwan da ke haifar da ɓarna na PM da NO, da rage hayaƙin PM da NOx kai tsaye. A halin yanzu, don magance matsalar shaye-shayen abin hawa dizal, yawancin hanyoyin fasaha sun ɗauki tsarin EGR+DOC+DPF+SCR+ASC.
EGR
EGR shine taƙaitaccen iskar Gas Recirculation. Cikewar iskar iskar gas tana nufin dawo da ɓangaren iskar gas ɗin da aka fitar daga injin zuwa wurin da ake sha kuma a sake shigar da silinda tare da sabon cakuda. Tun da iskar gas ɗin ya ƙunshi babban adadin iskar polyatomic kamar CO2, da CO2 da sauran iskar gas ba za a iya ƙone su ba amma suna ɗaukar babban adadin zafi saboda girman ƙayyadaddun yanayin zafi da suke da shi, matsakaicin zafin konewar cakuda a cikin silinda ya ragu. , don haka rage adadin NOx da aka samar.
DOC
DOC cikakken suna Diesel oxidation catalyst, shine mataki na farko na gaba dayan tsarin jiyya, yawanci matakin farko na bututu mai hawa uku, gabaɗaya tare da karafa masu daraja ko yumbu a matsayin mai ɗaukar hoto.
Babban aikin DOC shine oxidize CO da HC a cikin iskar gas, canza shi zuwa C02 da H2O mara guba kuma mara lahani. A lokaci guda kuma, yana iya ɗaukar abubuwan da ake soluble na ƙwayoyin cuta da wasu ƙwayoyin carbon, da rage yawan hayaƙin PM. NO yana da iskar oxygen zuwa NO2 (NO2 kuma shine tushen iskar gas na ƙananan halayen). Ya kamata a lura da cewa zabin mai kara kuzari yana da alaƙa da ƙarancin zafin jiki na dizal, lokacin da zafin jiki ya kasance ƙasa da 150 ° C, mai haɓakawa ba ya aiki. Tare da haɓakar zafin jiki, ingantaccen juzu'i na manyan abubuwan ɓarna na ɓarna yana ƙaruwa a hankali. Lokacin da yawan zafin jiki ya fi 350 ° C, saboda babban adadin samar da sulfate, amma ƙara yawan iskar gas, kuma sulfate zai rufe farfajiyar mai kara kuzari don rage yawan aiki da juzu'i na mai kara kuzari, don haka buƙatar buƙata.na'urori masu auna zafin jikidon saka idanu da zafin jiki na DOC, lokacin da yawan zafin jiki na DOC sama da 250 ° C hydrocarbons yakan kunna wuta, wato, isassun halayen iskar oxygen.
DPF
Cikakken sunan DPF shine Diesel Particle Filter, wanda shine kashi na biyu na aikin bayan jiyya da kuma sashe na biyu na bututu mai hawa uku. Babban aikinsa shine kama ƙwayoyin PM, kuma ikonsa na rage PM shine kusan 90%.
Barbashi Tace iya yadda ya kamata rage watsi da particulate kwayoyin halitta. Da farko yana kama kwayoyin halitta a cikin iskar gas. A tsawon lokaci, ƙarin abubuwan da ke da alaƙa za su saka a cikin DPF, kuma bambancin matsin lamba na DPF zai ƙaru a hankali. Thefirikwensin matsa lamba daban-daban iya saka idanu da shi. Lokacin da bambancin matsa lamba ya wuce wani kofa, zai sa tsarin sabuntawa na DPF ya cire abubuwan da aka tara. Sabuntawar tacewa yana nufin karuwa a hankali na ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin tarko yayin aiki na dogon lokaci, wanda zai iya haifar da haɓakar matsa lamba na baya da kuma haifar da raguwar aikin injin. Sabili da haka, wajibi ne don cire kullun da aka ajiye a kai a kai da kuma mayar da aikin tacewa na tarkon.
Lokacin da zafin jiki a cikin tarkon barbashi ya kai 550 ℃ kuma iskar oxygen ya fi 5%, abubuwan da aka ajiye zasu oxidize kuma suna ƙonewa. Idan zafin jiki bai wuce 550 ℃, laka mai yawa zai toshe tarkon. Thezafin jiki firikwensin yana lura da yawan zafin jiki na DPF. Lokacin da zafin jiki bai cika buƙatun ba, za a dawo da siginar. A wannan lokacin, ana buƙatar amfani da hanyoyin makamashi na waje (kamar masu dumama lantarki, masu ƙonewa, ko canje-canje a yanayin aiki na inji) don ƙara yawan zafin jiki a cikin DPF kuma ya sa barbashi su yi oxidize da ƙonewa.
SCR
SCR tana nufin Rage Rage Catalytic Selective, taƙaitaccen tsarin Rage Rage Zaɓuɓɓuka. Hakanan shine sashe na ƙarshe a cikin bututun mai. Yana amfani da urea azaman wakili mai ragewa kuma yana amfani da mai kara kuzari don amsa sinadarai tare da NOx don canza NOx zuwa N2 da H2O.
Tsarin SCR yana amfani da tsarin allura tare da matsewar taimakon iska. Famfu na samar da mafita na urea yana da na'urar sarrafa kayan aiki wanda zai iya sarrafa fam ɗin samar da mafita na urea na ciki da kuma matsa lamba solenoid bawul don yin aiki bisa ga ka'idojin da aka kafa. Mai sarrafa allura (DCU) yana sadarwa tare da injin ECU ta cikin bas ɗin CAN don samun sigogin aiki na injin, sannan yana ba da siginar zafin jiki mai canzawa dangane dababban zafin jiki firikwensin , yana ƙididdige adadin allurar urea, kuma yana sarrafa famfon samar da urea don allurar adadin urea da ya dace ta cikin motar CAN. Ciki bututun shaye-shaye. Aikin iskar da aka matse shi ne ɗaukar urea da aka auna zuwa bututun ƙarfe, ta yadda urea za ta iya zama cikakke bayan an fesa ta cikin bututun ƙarfe.
ASC
ASC Ammonia Slip Catalyst shine taƙaitaccen abin da ke haifar da zamewar ammonia. Saboda yoyon urea da ƙarancin amsawa, ana iya fitar da ammonia ta hanyar ruɓewar urea kai tsaye zuwa cikin sararin samaniya ba tare da shiga cikin aikin ba. Wannan yana buƙatar shigar da na'urorin ASC don hana tserewa ammoniya.
Ana shigar da ASC gabaɗaya a ƙarshen ƙarshen SCR, kuma yana amfani da abin rufe fuska kamar ƙarfe masu tamani akan bangon ciki na mai ɗaukar kaya don daidaita yanayin REDOX, wanda ke amsa NH3 zuwa N2 mara lahani.
Yanayin zafin jiki
Ana amfani dashi don auna yawan zafin jiki na shayewa a wurare daban-daban akan mai kara kuzari, gami da yawan zafin jiki na DOC (yawanci ana kiransa zazzabin T4), DPF (yawanci ana kiransa zazzabin T5), SCR (yawanci ana kiransa zazzabin T6), da mai kara kuzari. yanayin zafi na wutsiya mai shayewa (yawanci ana kiransa zazzabin T7). A lokaci guda, ana watsa siginar da ta dace zuwa ECU, wanda ke aiwatar da dabarun sabuntawa daidai da dabarun allurar urea dangane da bayanan martani daga firikwensin. Its ƙarfin lantarki ne 5V, da zafin jiki auna kewayon ne tsakanin -40 ℃ da 900 ℃.
Daban-daban matsa lamba firikwensin
Ana amfani da shi don gano matsi na baya mai shayewa tsakanin mashigin iska na DPF da magudanar ruwa a cikin mai canzawa, da watsa siginar da ta dace ga ECU don sarrafa aikin DPF da saka idanu na OBD. Its ikon samar da ƙarfin lantarki ne 5V, da kuma aiki yanayi The zazzabi ne -40 ~ 130 ℃.
Na'urori masu auna firikwensin suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin tsarin kula da sharar abin hawa dizal, suna taimakawa wajen sa ido da sarrafa hayaki don saduwa da ƙa'idodin muhalli da haɓaka ingancin iska. Na'urori masu auna firikwensin suna ba da bayanai game da yawan zafin jiki, matsa lamba, matakan oxygen da nitrogen oxides (NOx), waɗanda sashin kula da injin (ECU) ke amfani da su don haɓaka hanyoyin konewa, haɓaka ingantaccen mai da tsawaita rayuwar kayan aikin jiyya.
Yayin da masana'antar kera motoci ke ci gaba da mai da hankali kan rage hayaki da inganta ingancin iska, haɓakawa da haɗa na'urori masu auna sigina na da mahimmanci don cimma waɗannan manufofin.