Ukukhula kwamamojula optical

Kumanethiwekhi okuxhumana okukhanya, amamojula okubona adlala indima ebalulekile. Inesibopho sokuguqula amasignali kagesi abe amasignali optical kanye nokuguqula amasignali e-optical atholiwe abuyele kumasignali kagesi, ngaleyo ndlela iqedele ukudlulisa nokwamukela idatha. Ngakho-ke, amamojula we-optical ubuchwepheshe obuyinhloko bokuxhuma nokufeza ukudluliswa kwedatha ngesivinini esikhulu.

Ngokuthuthukiswa kobuhlakani bokwenziwa, ukuncintisana kwamandla ekhompyutha sekuphenduke inkundla entsha yokulwa phakathi kwezinkampani zobuchwepheshe. Njengengxenye ebalulekile yokuxhumana kwe-fiber optical, amamojula optical amadivaysi e-optoelectronic aqaphela ukuguqulwa kwe-photoelectric kanye nemisebenzi yokuguqulwa kwe-electro-optical ohlelweni lokudlulisa isignali ye-optical, futhi ukusebenza kwabo kunomthelela oqondile ezinhlelweni ze-AI.

Amamojula abonakalayo abe yizingxenye zehadiwe ezibaluleke kakhulu zamandla ekhompiyutha ye-AI ngaphezu kwe-GPU, i-HBM, amakhadi enethiwekhi, namaswishi. Siyazi ukuthi amamodeli amakhulu adinga amandla ekhompuyutha anamandla ukuze acubungule futhi ahlaziye inani elikhulu ledatha. Inethiwekhi yokuxhumana ye-Optical inikeza imodi yokudlulisa idatha enesivinini esikhulu futhi ephumelelayo, okuyisisekelo esibalulekile nesisekelo esiqinile sokusekela lesi sidingo esikhulu sekhompiyutha.

Ngomhla zingama-30 kuNovemba 2022, i-ChatGPT yakhululwa, futhi kusukela lapho, ukulangazelela emhlabeni wonke kwamamodeli amakhulu sekudlule. Muva nje, i-Sora, imodeli enkulu yamavidiyo amasiko nawezinto eziphilayo, ivuse umdlandla wemakethe, futhi isidingo samandla ekhompyutha sibonisa umkhuba wokukhula okunamandla. iphindeke kabili njalo ezinyangeni ezi-3-4, futhi kusukela ngo-2012, amandla ekhompiyutha ye-AI akhule izikhathi ezingaphezu kuka-300000. Izinzuzo ezingokwemvelo zamamojula optical ngokungangabazeki zihlangabezana ngokugcwele nezidingo ze-AI mayelana nokusebenza okuphezulu kokusebenza kwekhompuyutha kanye nokwandiswa kohlelo lokusebenza.

Imojula ye-optical inezici zejubane eliphezulu kanye ne-latency ephansi, engahlinzeka ngamakhono anamandla okucubungula idatha ngenkathi iqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle kokudluliswa kwedatha. Futhi i-bandwidth ye-optical module inkulu, okusho ukuthi ingacubungula idatha eyengeziwe ngesikhathi esisodwa. Ibanga elide lokudlulisela lenza ukushintshaniswa kwedatha ngesivinini esikhulu phakathi kwezikhungo zedatha kwenzeke, okusiza ukwakha amanethiwekhi ekhompuyutha e-AI asabalalisiwe futhi kukhuthaze ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe be-AI emikhakheni ebanzi ebanzi.

Eminyakeni emibili edlule, eqhutshwa igagasi le-AI, intengo yamasheya kaNvidia inyukile. Okokuqala, ekupheleni kukaMeyi 2023, imali yemakethe yeqa uphawu lwamadola ayizigidigidi okokuqala ngqa. Ekuqaleni kuka-2024, yafinyelela inani eliphakeme lama-dollar ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezimbili ngenani lemakethe.

Ama-chips kaNvidia athengisa njengohlanya. Ngokombiko wayo wakamuva wekota yesine, imali engenayo yekota ifinyelele irekhodi lama-dollar ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-22.1, ikhuphuke ngo-22% isuka engxenyeni yesithathu kanye no-265% kusukela esikhathini esifanayo ngonyaka odlule, futhi inzuzo yenyuka ngo-769%, yedlula kakhulu okulindelwe abahlaziyi. Kudatha yemali engenayo ye-Nvidia, isikhungo sedatha ngokungangabazeki siwumnyango okhanya kakhulu. Ngokwezibalo, ukuthengiswa kwekota yesine kwalolu phiko olugxile ku-AI kunyuke kwafinyelela ku-$18.4 billion kusukela ku-$3.6 billion ngonyaka odlule, okuyizinga lokukhula konyaka elingaphezu kwamaphesenti angu-400.

Futhi ngokuvumelanisa nokukhula okumangalisayo kukaNvidia, ngaphansi kwe-catalysis yegagasi lobuhlakani bokwenziwa, amanye amabhizinisi wasekhaya we-optical module azuze ukusebenza okuthile. U-Zhongji Xuchuang uthole imali engenayo engama-yuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-10.725 ngo-2023, okuwukukhula konyaka ngo-11.23%; Inzuzo yonke ibingama-yuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-2.181, okuwukunyuka konyaka ngo-78.19%. I-Tianfu Communication izuze imali engenayo engama-yuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-1.939 ngo-2023, okuwukukhula konyaka ngo-62.07%; Inzuzo yonke ibingama-yuan ayizigidi ezingama-730, okuwukunyuka konyaka ngo-81.14%.

Ngaphezu kwesidingo esikhulayo samamojula okukhanya kumandla wekhompiyutha ye-AI yobuhlakani bokufakelwa, isidingo sokwakhiwa kwesikhungo sedatha siyakhula.

Ngokombono wesakhiwo senethiwekhi yesikhungo sedatha, ngokusekelwe kuzixazululo ezikhona ze-100G, ukuhlangabezana nokuphuma kwenethiwekhi okungavimbeli yezikhungo zedatha ezinosayizi ofanayo kudinga ukungeza izimbobo eziningi, isikhala esiningi sokubeka amaseva namaswishi, kanye nesikhala sokubeka iseva esengeziwe. Lezi zixazululo azibizi futhi ziholela ekwandeni kwejometri ebunzimeni bezakhiwo zenethiwekhi.

Ukufuduka kusuka ku-100G kuya ku-400G kuyindlela engabizi kakhulu yokujova umkhawulokudonsa owengeziwe ezikhungweni zedatha, kuyilapho futhi kunciphisa inkimbinkimbi yezakhiwo zenethiwekhi.

Isibikezelo semakethe se-400G nangaphezulu kwamamojula we-optical wesivinini

Ngokwesibikezelo se-Light Counting se-400G ne-800G imikhiqizo ehlobene, uchungechunge lwe-SR/FR luwumkhiqizo oyinhloko wokukhula wezikhungo zedatha nezikhungo ze-inthanethi:

Kubikezelwa ukuthi amamojula we-400G optical rate azosetshenziswa esikalini ngo-2023, futhi azothatha iningi lemali engenayo yokuthengisa yamamojula optical (40G nangaphezulu amanani) ngo-2025:

Idatha ihlanganisa yonke i-ICP nezikhungo zedatha yebhizinisi

E-China, i-Alibaba, i-Baidu, i-JD, i-Byte, i-Kwai nabanye abakhiqizi abakhulu be-inthanethi basekhaya, nakuba ukwakhiwa kwamanje kwezikhungo zabo zedatha kusabuswa amachweba angu-25G noma angu-56G, ukuhlela kwesizukulwane esilandelayo ngokuhlanganyela kukhomba ku-112G SerDes okusekelwe kugesi wesivinini esikhulu. izindawo zokuhlangana.

Ngokuqhubeka okuqhubekayo kwesayensi nobuchwepheshe, inethiwekhi ye-5G isibe ngesinye sezihloko ezishisayo emkhakheni wezokuxhumana wanamuhla. Ubuchwepheshe be-5G ngeke businikeze kuphela isivinini sokudlulisa idatha esisheshayo, kodwa futhi busekele ukuxhumana okwengeziwe phakathi kwamadivayisi, ngaleyo ndlela kudaleke amathuba engeziwe emadolobheni ahlakaniphile esikhathi esizayo, izimoto ezizimele kanye ne-inthanethi Yezinto. Kodwa-ke, ngemuva kwenethiwekhi ye-5G, kukhona ubuchwepheshe obuningi obubalulekile nokusekelwa kwemishini, enye yazo imojula ye-optical.

Imojula yokukhanya yomkhawulokudonsa ephezulu izosetshenziswa ukuxhuma i-DU ne-AAU yesiteshi esikude se-5G RF. Esikhathini se-4G, i-BBU kwakuyiyunithi yokucubungula i-baseband yeziteshi eziyisisekelo, kuyilapho i-RRU kwakuyiyunithi yefrikhwensi yomsakazo. Ukuze kuncishiswe ukulahleka kokudlulisela phakathi kwe-BBU ne-RRU, uxhumo lwefiber optical, okwaziwa nangokuthi uhlelo lokudlulisela phambili, lwaluvame ukusetshenziswa. Esikhathini se-5G, amanethiwekhi okufinyelela okungenantambo azosuselwa kumafu ngokugcwele, anenethiwekhi yokufinyelela engenantambo (C-RAN) .C-RAN inikeza esinye isisombululo esisha nesisebenzayo. Ama-opharetha angakwazi ukuqondisa inombolo yamadivayisi adingekayo esiteshini ngasinye seselula nge-C-RAN futhi anikeze imisebenzi efana nokuthunyelwa kwamafu kwe-CU, ukwenziwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo zibe amachibi, nokwanda kwenethiwekhi.

I-5G yokudlulisela phambili izosebenzisa amamojula amakhulu okukhanya. Njengamanje, iziteshi eziyisisekelo ze-4G LTE ikakhulukazi zisebenzisa amamojula we-10G optical. I-spectrum ye-high-frequency nezici zomkhawulokudonsa ophezulu we-5G, kuhlanganiswe nokusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe be-MassiveMIMO, kudinga ukuxhumana kwe-ultra wideband optical module. Njengamanje, i-C-RAN izama ukunciphisa isivinini sokusebenzisana kwe-CPRI ngokuthuthela isendlalelo esibonakalayo se-DU esigabeni se-AAU, ngaleyo ndlela inciphisa isidingo samamojula aphezulu we-bandwidth optical futhi inike amandla amamojula we-25G/100G optical ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zokudlulisa umkhawulokudonsa ophezulu kakhulu. yokuxhumana kwe-5G "high-frequency" yesikhathi esizayo. Ngakho-ke, ekwakhiweni kwesikhathi esizayo kweziteshi zesisekelo se-C-RAN, amamojula we-100G optical azoba namandla amakhulu.

Ukuthunyelwa kwesiteshi esiyisisekelo se-5G

Ukwanda kwenombolo: Kuhlelo lwesiteshi esiyisisekelo esine-DU eyodwa exhuma i-3 AAU, amamojula okukhanya ayi-12 ayadingeka; I-morphism eyamukelwe isidingo se-base station optical module yobuchwepheshe bokufinyelela imvamisa sizokhula. Sicabanga ukuthi kulolu hlelo, i-DU eyodwa ixhuma ama-5 AAU, amamojula angama-20 optical ayadingeka.

Isifinyezo:

Ngokusho kwe-LightCounting, phakathi kwabaphakeli abaphezulu abayishumi abahamba phambili bomhlaba wonke abathengisa amamojula ngo-2010, bekunomkhiqizi oyedwa wasekhaya, i-Wuhan Telecom Devices. Ngo-2022, isibalo sabakhiqizi baseShayina abasohlwini sikhuphuke safinyelela ku-7, u-Zhongji Xuchuang no-Coherent beboshelwe endaweni ephezulu; Abakhiqizi baseShayina bakhulise isabelo sabo semakethe ezingxenyeni ze-optical namamojula ukusuka ku-15% ngo-2010 kuya ku-50% ngo-2021.

Njengamanje, imodyuli yasekhaya ye-optical iJiji Xuchuang, ukuxhumana kweTianfu kanye ne-Yisheng entsha, inani lemakethe lifinyelele kuma-yuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-140, ama-yuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-60, ama-yuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-55, lapho uZhongji Xuchuang ehamba phambili kusukela enanini lemakethe ngaphezu kwembonini yangaphambili ye-optical module. Okokuqala Okubumbene (inani lakamuva lemakethe elingama-yuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-63), ngokusemthethweni isikhundla sokuqala somfowethu emhlabeni.

Ukukhula okudabukisayo kwezinhlelo zokusebenza ezisafufusa ezifana ne-5G, AI, nezikhungo zedatha kumi ku-tuyere, futhi ikusasa lomkhakha wasekhaya we-optical module liyabonakala.