Inzwa yokucindezela ye-MEMS

1. Iyini inzwa yengcindezi ye-MEMS

Inzwa yokucindezela iyidivayisi evame ukusetshenziswa emisebenzini yezimboni, ngokuvamile eyakhiwe ngezinto ezizwela ukucindezela (izakhi ezizwelayo ezinwebekayo, izakhi ezizwelayo ezisuswayo) namayunithi okucubungula isignali, isimiso sokusebenza ngokuvamile sisekelwe ekushintsheni kwezinto ezibucayi ezibucayi noma ingcindezi ebangelwa ukuwohloka, ikwazi ukuzwa isignali yokucindezela, futhi ingaguqula isignali yokucindezela ibe isignali kagesi ephumayo etholakalayo ngokuvumelana nemithetho ethile. Ukuze uthole ukulinganisa okunembile, ukulawula nokuqapha, ngokunemba okuphezulu, ukumelana nokugqwala nokwakhiwa okuhlangene, okulungele izindawo ezihlukahlukene ezinokhahlo.

Izinzwa zokucindezela ze-MEMS, igama eligcwele: Inzwa yokucindezela yesistimu ye-Microelectro, ihlanganisa ubuchwepheshe be-microelectronics obusezingeni eliphezulu kanye nobuchwepheshe obunembayo be-micromachining. Ngenhlanganisela yesakhiwo semishini emincane kanye nesekhethi ye-elekthronikhi, i-chip eyenziwe ngezinto zendabuko ze-semiconductor njengama-wafers e-monocrystalline silicon isetshenziswa njengengxenye eyinhloko ukukala ingcindezi ngokuthola ukuwohloka komzimba noma ukunqwabelana kweshaji. Ibe isiguqulwa ibe amasignali kagesi ukuze icutshungulwe ukuze kuqashelwe ukuqapha okubucayi kanye nokuguqulwa okunembile kwezinguquko zengcindezi. Inzuzo yayo eyinhloko ilele ekwakhiweni kwayo kwe-miniaturization, okunikeza izinzwa zokucindezela ze-MEMS ukusebenza okuphezulu ngokuya ngokunemba, usayizi, isivinini sokuphendula kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla.

2. Izici ze-MEMS inzwa yokucindezela

Izinzwa zokucindezela ze-MEMS zingaklanywa futhi zenziwe kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe obufana namasekhethi ahlanganisiwe, okuvumela ukunemba okuphezulu, ukukhiqizwa kwenqwaba yezindleko eziphansi. Lokhu kuvula umnyango wokusetshenziswa kwenani eliphansi kwezinzwa ze-MEMS kuma-electronics abathengi kanye nemikhiqizo yokulawula inqubo yezimboni, okwenza ukulawula ingcindezi kube lula, kusebenziseke kalula, futhi kuhlakaniphe.

Izinzwa zokucindezela komshini zendabuko zisekelwe ekushintshashintsheni kwama-elastomer ensimbi ngaphansi kwamandla, okuguqula ukuwohloka kokunwebeka komshini kube okukhiphayo kukagesi. Ngakho-ke, azikwazi ukuba zincane njengezifunda ezihlanganisiwe njengezinzwa zokucindezela ze-MEMS, futhi izindleko zazo ziphakeme kakhulu kunezinzwa zokucindezela ze-MEMS. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinzwa zemishini zendabuko, izinzwa zokucindezela ze-MEMS zinosayizi omncane, futhi umkhawulo awudluli isentimitha eyodwa. Uma kuqhathaniswa nobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza bemishini bendabuko, ukusebenza kahle kwabo kwezindleko kuthuthukiswa kakhulu.

3. Ukusetshenziswa kwenzwa yengcindezi ye-MEMS

Imboni yezimoto:

Inkambu yezimoto ingenye yezinhlelo zokusebenza ezibalulekile ezansi nomfula zezinzwa ze-MEMS. Emkhakheni wezimoto, izinzwa zokucindezela kwe-MEMS zisetshenziswa kakhulu ezinhlelweni zokuphepha (njengokuqapha ingcindezi yezinhlelo zokubhuleka, ukulawula ingcindezi yama-airbag, nokuvikela ukushayisana), ukulawula ukungcola (ukulawula umfutho wegesi ophuma enjini nokuqapha), ukuqapha amathayi, ukuphathwa kwenjini. , namasistimu amisiwe ngenxa yokwenziwa kwawo okuncane, ukunemba okuphezulu, nokuthembeka. Izimoto ezihamba phambili zivame ukuba namakhulu ezinzwa, okuhlanganisa nezinzwa ze-MEMS ezingu-30-50, ezingaba ngu-10 zazo eziyizinzwa zokucindezela kwe-MEMS. Lezi zinzwa zinganikeza idatha ebalulekile ukusiza abakhiqizi bezimoto bathuthukise ukusebenza kwenjini, bathuthukise ukusebenza kahle kukaphethiloli, futhi bakhulise ukuphepha kokushayela.

I-Consumer electronics:

Ngokuthuthukiswa kwezinhlelo zokusebenza ezifana nokuzulazula kwe-3D, ukuqapha ukunyakaza, nokuqapha impilo, ukusetshenziswa kwezinzwa zengcindezi ye-MEMS kuma-electronics abathengi kuya ngokuya kuvame. Izinzwa zokucindezela kumadivayisi afana nama-smartphone, amathebulethi, namawashi ahlakaniphile angasetshenziselwa imisebenzi efana nama-barometers, ama-altimeters, nokuzulazula kwangaphakathi. Izinzwa zokucindezela kumadivayisi agqokekayo ahlakaniphile zingaphinda ziqaphe ukujima nezinkomba zezempilo ezifana nokushaya kwenhliziyo nomsebenzi womzimba, zinikeze idatha enembe kakhudlwana. Ukwengeza, izinzwa zokucindezela ze-MEMS zisetshenziswa kabanzi emikhakheni efana ne-drones namamodeli ezindiza, ezihlinzeka ngolwazi lokuphakama kanye nokusebenzisana nezinhlelo zokuzulazula ukuze kuzuzwe ukulawula indiza okunembile.

Imboni yezokwelapha:

Embonini yezokwelapha, izinzwa zokucindezela ze-MEMS zisetshenziswa kakhulu kumishini yezokwelapha ehlukahlukene kanye nezinhlelo zokuhlonza. Angasetshenziselwa ukuthola umfutho wegazi, ukulawula ama-ventilators nama-respirators, ukuqapha umfutho wangaphakathi, kanye nezinhlelo zokulethwa kwezidakamizwa. Lezi zinzwa zinikeza izilinganiso ezinembile zengcindezi ukuze zisize abasebenzi bezokwelapha ekuxilongeni nasekwelapheni.

I-Automation yezimboni:

Emkhakheni wokuzenzakalela kwezimboni, izinzwa zokucindezela ze-MEMS zisetshenziselwa ukuqapha nokulawula izinqubo ezihlukahlukene zezimboni, futhi zisetshenziswa kakhulu ezinhlelweni zamapayipi oketshezi negesi, ukuqapha izinga, ukulawula ingcindezi, nokulinganisa ukugeleza. Ukunemba okuphezulu nokuthembeka kwalezi zinzwa kubalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuzinza nokuphepha kwezinqubo zezimboni.

I-Aerospace:

Izinzwa zokucindezela kwe-MEMS zingasetshenziselwa ukuhlola ukusebenza kwendiza namarokhethi, ukuqapha ukucindezela kokuphakama kokuphakama, ukuqoqwa kwedatha yesimo sezulu, nokulawula ukucindezela komoya kwezindiza kanye nemishini esekelwe emkhathini. I-miniaturization yayo kanye nezici zayo ezingasindi ziyenza ilungele imboni ye-aerospace ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zemvelo ezidingekayo.

4. Usayizi wemakethe we-MEMS inzwa yokucindezela

Iqhutshwa ukutholwa okusabalele ezimbonini ezahlukahlukene, usayizi wemakethe wezinzwa zengcindezi ye-MEMS ukhula kakhulu. U-Yole ubikezela ukuthi usayizi wemakethe yezinzwa zengcindezi ye-MEMS emhlabeni wonke uzokhula usuka ku-US$1.684 billion uye ku-US$2.215 billion ngo-2019-2026, ngesilinganiso sokukhula okuyinhlanganisela yonyaka cishe esingaba ngu-5%; ukuthunyelwa kukhuphuke kusuka kumayunithi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-1.485 kuya kumayunithi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-2.183, ngesilinganiso sokukhula kwenhlanganisela yonyaka esingu-4.9%. Ngokukhula kwesidingo sezisombululo zokuzwa ingcindezi ezinembile nezithembekile, imakethe yezinzwa zengcindezi ye-MEMS kulindeleke ukuthi yande kakhulu eminyakeni ezayo, inikeze amathuba amaningi kubakhiqizi nabahlinzeki kulo mkhakha.